American Spirit Volume I - 3787 Words

The ^American Spirit United States History as Seen by Contemporaries Ninth Edition Volume I: To 1877 Houghton Mifflin Company Boston New YorkContents 1 2 Preface xxi New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.-A.D.1769 1 A. The Native Americans 1 1. Visualizing the New World (1505, 1509) 1 2. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Belittles the Indians (1547) 3 3. Bartoleme de Las Casas Defends the Indians (1552) 4 B. The Spanish in America 6 1. Hernan Cortes Conquers Mexico (1519-1526) 6 2. Aztec Chroniclers Describe the Spanish Conquest of Mexico (1519) 3- Francisco Coronado Explores the American Southwest (1541) 13 4. Don Juan de Onate Conquers New Mexico (1599) 14 C. The African Slave Trade 17 1. Mungo Park Describes Slavers in the African Interior (c. 1790)†¦show more content†¦A Swede Depicts the Indian Trade (1749) 103 B. The French and Indian War 105 1. Benjamin Franklin Characterizes General Edward Braddock (1755) 105 2. A Frenchman Reports Braddocks Defeat (1755) 107 3. Francis Parkman Analyzes the Conflict (1884) 108 C. A New Restlessness 220 1. Andrew Burnaby Scoffs at Colonial Unity (1760) 110 2. A Lawyer Denounces Search Warrants (1761) 212ViU Contents 7 8 The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775 114 A. The Burden of Mercantilism 224 1. Virginia Resents Restrictions (1671) 124 2. Adam Smiths Balance Sheet (1776) 115 B. The Tempest over Taxation 117 1. Benjamin Franklin Testifies Against the Stamp Act (1766) 117 2. Philadelphia Threatens Tea Men (1773) 119 3. Connecticut Decries the Boston Port Act (1774) 120 C. Britain at the Crossroads 221 1. Dean Josiah Tucker Advises a Divorce (1774) 122 2. Adam Smith Criticizes Empire (1776) 123 3. Samuel Johnson Urges the Iron Fist (1775) 124 4. Two Views of the British Empire (1767, 1775) 126 D. Loyalists Versus Patriots 128 1. Daniel Leonard Deplores Rebellion (1775) 128 2. Patrick Henry Demands Boldness (1775) 129 3. New Yorkers Abuse Tories (1775) 130 E. The Clash of Arms 232 1. Conflicting Versions of the Outbreak (1775) 132 2. Franklin Embittered by Bloodshed (1775) 232 3. Why an Old Soldier Fought (1898) 232 America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 135 A. General Washington in Command 235 1. Washington Scorns Independence (1775) 235 2. WashingtonsShow MoreRelatedThe Motivations Of The Founding Fathers1257 Words   |  6 Pagesand the way they dealt with things when they started to get out of hand. I looked at the writings of John P Roche, Barbour and Wright, and Jim Webb, to get a scholarly opinion of what forced the founders to make certain decisions during the constitutional convention. According to Keeping The Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, Barbour and Rights states â€Å" Many of the delegates represented the elite of American society – wealthy lawyers, speculators, merchants, planters, and investorsRead MoreThe Choctaw Tribe Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesorigins in their traditional homeland in central Mississippi. One is that their ancestors came from west of the Mississippi River and settled in what is now the homeland. The other is that the tribe is descended from ancestors who were formed by a spirit from the damp earth of Nanih Waiyah, a large mound in northeastern Mis sissippi. Either way, the Choctaws resided in places, holding most of Southern Alabama and Mississippi with adjoining parts of Louisiana. The Choctaws had a strong tradition ofRead MoreThe Choctaw Tribe1331 Words   |  6 Pagesorigins in their traditional homeland in central Mississippi. One is that their ancestors came from west of the Mississippi River and settled in what is now the homeland. The other is that the tribe is descended from ancestors who were formed by a spirit from the damp earth of Nanih Waiyah, a large mound in northeastern Mississippi. Either way, the Choctaws resided in places, holding most of Southern Alabama and Mississippi with adjoining parts of Louisiana. The Choctaws had a strong tradition ofRead MoreLeaves Of Grass By Walt Whitman915 Words   |  4 PagesGrass is collection of poems written by an American poet named Walt Whitman. The first edition was published in 1855 but, Whitman spent most of his professional life writing and rewriting Leaves of Grass, until his death in 1892 at the age of 72. Even though during the time his work was considered immoral later people began to realize the beauty behind his poems and started to appreciate the man who wrote them.Whitman s Leaves of Grass is iconic in American poetry because of the beauty behind itsRead More i too sing America Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagescreative structure and style of poetry creates a different form of writing that can either have rhythm, alliteration or have a direct message. In the poem â€Å"I Too Sing America†, by Langston Hughes had a significant message in that he desired to voice his expression on the issue of black oppression in America. Langston b asic themes focused on the American Dream and the possibilities of hope and advancement were constantly present in his poetry. The tension between the unrealized dream and the realities ofRead MoreI Too Sing America999 Words   |  4 Pagescreative structure and style of poetry creates a different form of writing that can either have rhythm, alliteration or have a direct message. In the poem I Too Sing America, by Langston Hughes had a significant message in that he desired to voice his expression on the issue of black oppression in America. Langston basic themes focused on the American Dream and the possibilities of hope and advancement were constantly present in his poetry. The tension between the unrealized dream and the realities ofRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pages The beginning of the 20th century many African Americans migrated from the south to the north in what we call today, the Great Migration. Many African Americans fou nd themselves in a district of New York City called Harlem. The area known as Harlem matured into the hideaway of jazz and the blues where the African American artist emerged calling themselves the â€Å"New Negro.† The New Negro was the cornerstone for an era known today as the Harlem Renaissance (Barksdale 23). The Harlem Renaissance warrantedRead More Maya Angelou: Hope into Art Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatness of heart and spirit--for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless war against weakness and despair, these are the bright rally flags of hope and of emulation. I hold that a writer who does not passionately believe in the perfectability of man has no dedication nor any membership in literature. (Steinbeck 1)    In Angelous first novel, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, she examines how a bird (soul) that is caged (unfree) would still sing.   I was curious aboutRead More Langston Hughes Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pageswith nearly every famous actor, writer, painter, or musician; including the ever-famous Langston Hughes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order for a person to really understand how Mr. Hughes’s life shaped his poetry, one must know all about his background. In this paper, I will write a short biography of Hughes’s life and tell how this helped accent his literary genius. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, but lived with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas until he was thirteen. This arrangement was necessaryRead MoreWalt Whitman s Life And Accomplishments1731 Words   |  7 Pagesgrass himself and send a copy to Emerson in July 1855. Later he released a second edition of the book containing poems, a letter from Emerson parsing the first edition and a long open letter by Whitman in response. Whitman continued to refine the volume and publishing several editions of leaves of grass. At the outbreak of the civil war, Whitman vowed to love a cleansed and purged life. He started visiting the wounded in New York City hospitals and also worked as a freelance journalist. Whitman

Historiography/Primary Sources Project Free Essays

â€Å"Every empire tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires and that its mission is not to plunder and control but to educate and liberate† is a quote by Edward W. Said. During the 19th century, Western nations started expansion into territorial imperialism to collect resources from colonies to benefit economically, politically, and socially. We will write a custom essay sample on Historiography/Primary Sources Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jules Ferry, a former French prime minister, created a colonial policy to colonize territories for France’s benefits and to civilize the people in those territories. His biased views may affect the historical impact and people should not believe everything they hear. One should analyze a document and take past knowledge on the issue into consideration before making any decisions. â€Å"The French Colonial Expansion† is a modernized text of the â€Å"Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies† by the former French prime minister, Jules Francois Camille Ferry, on March 28, 1884. Jules Ferry made this speech to show his support for imperialism and that it was the only way, at the time, for a nation to be powerful. He believed that the colonial expansion policy consisted of economic ideas, the most far-reaching ideas of civilization, and ideas of a political and patriotic sort (Watts, Int. ). He backed his argument up with some statistics of how other nations, like Germany or the United States of America, have outlets, or colonies to export goods to, and this helped expand their market. Colonial policy will allow for France to compete against other powerful nations and help solve problems like the freedom of trade and supply and demand (Arkenberg, Int. ). Not only did Ferry want to maintain France’s power, he also believed that Europeans were the â€Å"superior race† because they were civilized. A social issue he wanted to overcome was to civilize the â€Å"inferior races† because it was the higher races’ duty to do so (Arkenberg, Int. . In addition, Ferry made a good point that France needs colonies to support its navy with harbors, defenses, and supplies that can only be obtained overseas. Ferry was for imperialism because it had many benefits to the nation. However, many socialists and conservative critics were against his policy for differe nt reasons (Jules, Int. ). He was addressing his speech to those that opposed imperialism and the French Chamber of Deputies. His motivation was to spread the ideas of imperialism and point out the benefits of it to the people of France. Obviously, he has a lot of pride in his country because he believes that they are the superior race,† so he wants to spread the feel of nationalism by gaining power to France (Watts, Int. ). The power of a nation is gained by the amount of land it has. The colonial policy led France to annex Tunis, Madagascar, Indo-China, and explore the Congo and the Niger region (Jules, Int. ). Based on all of the exploration done by France, one can conclude that France is a powerful nation and its colonial policy went into effect. They were great competitors with other Europeans and the United States because they took over many rich African and Asian countries. With all of their new territories, they would have a better market because they would have raw materials sent to them from those countries, and they would sell them back (Arkenberg, Int. ). In addition, the French have a lot of pride in themselves because they believe that they are the â€Å"superior race,† so they would try to civilize the people in many of their territories. Therefore, the local culture of those countries probably went down and there was a lot of hatred towards the French for the change of their way of living, style, and religion. Because Jules Ferry believed that the Europeans were a â€Å"superior race,† this proves that he was biased because he only looked at the European view of imperialism. He only sees that the colonial policy will benefit and solve France’s economic, social, and political problems. However, he doesn’t look at the view of the African and Asian countries being claimed. To them, imperialism is a horrible thing because their way of life is being taken away and replaced by a different life style. Also, imperialism would stop their learning curve and affect their nation’s development. New problems would arise as well. For example, after the division of African territory between each European nation, African tribes were moved and this created more fights between them. Ferry also leaves out the conflicts between the European nations and the U. S. Imperialism is not always beneficial to a nation because there would always be arguments between two or more nations over land, and war would erupt if the issue is non-negotiable. Edward W. Said’s quote, â€Å"every empire tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires and that its mission is not to plunder and control but to educate and liberate† shows that Jules Ferry is biased because he is only presenting the benefits to France and not the problems that it could do to the colonized territories or to Western nations all together. One should never completely believe everything they hear and analysis is needed to see both sides of a story. How to cite Historiography/Primary Sources Project, Papers

What Dreams May Come Essay Example

What Dreams May Come Essay The 1998 dramatic film What Dreams May Come is a stunning and visual journey that explores the realms of the afterlife.   Starring Robin Williams and Cuba Gooding Jr., the film utilizes great acting and an intriguing plotline that keeps you guessing until the end.   This brief essay will outline the major accomplishments and highlights that made this film so memorable.Director Vincent Ward created a imaginative and purely visual landscape to illustrate the dream worlds of what a possible heaven might look like.   In the film the character Chris Nielsen is killed in a car accident and he literally wakes up as a painting in the afterlife.   In a remarkable scene that sets the visual tone for the rest of the movie, Chris reaches out to grab a flower and ends up with a handful of paint and he slips on a multicolored pathway.   As he struggles to comprehend what is going on, his spiritual guide Albert draws his fingers to make a window in a wall and we witness the paint dripping as he pushes the window through.The plot itself is another adventure that asks us how and if we should affect real Earthly life from the afterlife.   We are asked this question because Chris’ wife wants to commit suicide following his death and Chris wants to do everything in his power that will allow his wife to join him in the afterlife.   That being said, suicides are only admitted to another afterlife, not the one Chris inhabits.Overall, What Dreams May Come is a thought provoking and a visual masterpiece that makes us consider the possibilities that exist beyond our everyday lives.

Revolution and rebellion Essays

Revolution and rebellion Essays Revolution and rebellion Essay Revolution and rebellion Essay That they are but a shallow imitation of he parties of the wealthy is apparent when theses at Gatsby parties do not even know each other, but are often dressed alike and laugh at the same things. Rebellion-Fitzgerald picks up on the social rebellion of his peers particularly well in The Great Gatsby. He shows women of all classes who are breaking out of the molds that society had placed them into. Myrtle, for instance, wishes to climb the social ladder, and so she is determined to do so at all costs. Daisy attempts to break away from the restrictive society in which she was raised, yet she cannot make the break entirely and so she falls back into the only thing she knows: money. Jordan Baker, too, is an emancipated woman. She passes time as a professional golfer, a profession made possible largely because of the social and economic progress of the sass. The book is very symbolic of society, and a lot of the characters rebel against society. Myrtle against the lower class society in an attempt to rise higher in the social scale. Daisy also rebels with her affair with Gatsby, as woman werent expected to stay at home and do as told. Gatsby rebelled against the societies expectations by getting money. NIGHT revolutionary-Wishes also loses his innocence the first day he reaches the death camp at Auschwitz. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the small faces of the children whose bodies I saw transformed into smoke under a silent sky (34). Wishes loses his innocence because at such a young age he sees such great evil that can come from mankind that no one ever deserves to see. Wishes also loses his soul and he believes he will never forget the things that appended to him. Never shall I forget these moments that murdered my god and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes. Never shall I forget these things, even were I condemned to live as long as God himself. Never rebellion-I did not fast, mainly to please my father, who had forbidden me to do so. But further, there was no longer any reason why I should fast. I no longer accepted Gods silence. As I swallowed my bowl of soup, I saw in the gesture an act of rebellion and protest against Him Wishes rebels against God and he does not understand why God is letting all of these Orrville things happen to the Jewish people. The Jews are continually praising his name, even as all these horrible things are happening to them. But look at these men whom you have betrayed, what do they do? They pray before you! They praise your name! Wishes lost his faith in God while he was in the death camps of Auschwitz: My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man. Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes now, but I felt myself to be stronger than this Almighty to whom my life had been bound for so long (68).

Night Collecting Insects With a Black Light Sheet

Night Collecting Insects With a Black Light Sheet Entomologists often collect night-flying insects using a black light and sheet. The black light is suspended in front of a white sheet. Insects attracted to ultraviolet light fly toward the light, and alight on the sheet. Professional night collecting equipment often consists of a durable white sheet attached to a collapsible frame, constructed from aluminum tubes like to the frame of a camping tent. The black light is suspended from a cord running from the top of the sheet to the ground, or is mounted on a tripod on one or both sides of the sheet. For an amateur insect collector, purchasing this equipment can be expensive. You can make your own night collecting equipment to save money. While your homemade collecting equipment might take a little longer to set up, it will work just as well as equipment purchased commercially. You will need: a length of rope, long enough to span the width between two trees in your chosen collecting areaa black lightan old white sheetclothespins (optional)a power source for your light, if its not battery-operated Tie the rope so it spans between two trees, at about eye level. Make sure you tie it securely, so it will hold the weight of your sheet without drooping. Drape the white sheet over the rope, allowing 1-2 feet of the sheet to lie horizontally on the ground. Some insects prefer to land on vertical surfaces, while others like horizontal surfaces. The latter group will collect on the part of your sheet that is lying on the ground. If your sheet is not long enough, you may need to attach the sheet to the rope using clothespins to allow extra length on the ground. Black lights sold by science or entomology supply companies tend to be more rugged and last longer for outdoor use. You may be able to buy a less expensive black light from a discount or party supply store. If you dont have a black light, you can use an incandescent light, a portable fluorescent light, or even a camping lantern, and still get a good result. Suspend your black light in front of the sheet, near the top. You can tie the light from a branch using some extra rope, or run another length of rope between the trees and attach the light to it. If you use a battery-operated light, you will have more flexibility in locating your collecting sheet. A light that uses AC power may require a long extension cord. At dusk, turn your light on. Monitor the sheet periodically, checking for interesting specimens to collect or photograph. You can use forceps or an aspirator to collect moths, beetles, or other insects that land on your sheet without damaging them.

What Not to Do Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Not to Do - Case Study Example Those who asked such burning questions were either pressured to conform to the ‘norms’ or faced limitation of their terms. The other major flaw that contributed to the demise of AHERF was the alliance between the chief executive officer and the chairperson of the board. The board meetings became only staged performances, as if the participants were following a script. The participants were often given huge reports and never enough time to review them. To summarize both the problems, many frauds and financial weaknesses were covered up, investors were kept in the dark about financial standing of AHERF and there were justifications for later acquisitions by AHERF, such as expansion or market presence (Burns, Cacciamani & Clement, 2000). Here are some of the proposed solutions for the problems that AHERF faced. The board structure plays crucial role in the financial and operational wellbeing of any corporate. The articles of incorporation and bylaws serve as guidelines for the board members. The organization of board is not a hard and fast rule, it varies considerably from one board to another (Lockee, 2005). In fact, each hospital must uphold its own ethos and autonomy (Tipping, 1999).The task of the committees is to support the work of the board, (which AHERF did too well). However, support never means bling support for board’s work. The major mistake that AHERF made was when people started ruling board meeting and decisions instead of bylaws defining their roles. The chairperson is the most important member of the board, which delegates tasks and oversees performances, had AHERF done this properly, an alliance between the chair person and the chief executive would not have been possible. The other mistake regarding AHERF’s board meeting is suppressing opinions, twisting and contorting free speech so that it would not hurt the agenda of the chairperson and the chief executive officer. Effective boards are

,Eyes on the Prize, Aint Scared of Your Jails (1960-1961) Movie Review

,Eyes on the Prize, Aint Scared of Your Jails (1960-1961) - Movie Review Example In Alabama, the laws spelt that no white nurse was allowed to practice in public or private hospitals where African Americans were admitted (Delgado 93). Additionally, the bus and train conductors were allowed to direct each passenger to the section designated for his or her race. In Florida, all marriages between a Negro and a white person were forever prohibited (Delgado 93). Federalism is a means of structuring a nation in a way that two or more levels of government have formal power over the same people and area (Delgado 56). For instance, the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government power over issues of national concern while state governments have jurisdiction over issues of domestic concern (Delgado 56). Civil right movement is often perceived as a struggle for federalism since it is responsible for the creation of most controversial issues between the Northern and Southern States. The civil right movement made the Northerners desegregates and creates a basis from which to attack Jim Crow laws at a period when the Southerners advocated for national legislation against segregation laws (Delgado 58). Civil right movements also advocated for the supremacy clause, which includes three items: the Constitution, laws of the national government, and treaties (Delgado 62). Members of civil right movement believed that the 10th Amendment implied that th e national government only had authority over powers specifically assigned by the Constitution (Delgado 62). Civil rights are rights protected and granted by government for its people with the purpose of ensuring fairness, and preventing discrimination in relation to certain attribute of its people (Delgado 130). On contrary, civil liberties are basic rights that are primarily meant for all people in a given country by the constitution or other document of that nation, and are exercised upon citizens without further specificity like freedom of religion or speech, in the U.S. (Delgado 131). Those people who are